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CreatingKnowledge Annual Report 2011 | Forschungszentrum Jülich 41 Dr. Yixi Su working on the sample holder of a time-of-flight spectrometer with diffuse neutron scattering. The instruments at the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) JCNS operates neutron research instru- ments at leading international neutron sources. For this reason, JCNS is also responsible for the construction and op- eration of the Jülich instruments at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz research neutron source (FRM II) in Garching near Mu- nich. These instruments are also availa- ble to external scientists. In addition, JCNS operates instruments at the Insti- tut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, France, and at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge, USA. Beam time allocated by JCNS (days) at FRM II in 2011* (KWS 1, KWS 2, KWS 3, J-NSE, DNS, SPHERES)** Internal users 190 Maintenance/ development 128 65 External users Germany 50 External users EU 21 External users rest of world ** KWS 1 Small-angle scattering facility 1 KWS 2 Small-angle scattering facility 2 KWS 3 Small-angle scattering facility 3 J-NSE Jülich neutron spin echo spectrometer SPHERES Backscattering spectrometer with high energy resolution DNS Time-of-flight spectrometer with diffuse neutron scattering MARIA Reflectometer for thin magnetic layers ILL Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble SNS Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge (estimate) Use of the JCNS neutron scattering instruments by external researchers in 2011* (days) ILL 52 SNS 60 SPHERES 37 DNS 12 34 J-NSE 24 KWS 1 3 KWS 2 13 KWS 3 13 MARIA * After more than six years of operation, a routine shutdown for maintenance was planned at FRM II in 2011 in order to test or replace the systems. Sever- al periodic inspections were conducted under the supervision of the author- ized nuclear experts and regulatory authorities and were accepted by them. The number of internal and particularly of external users was therefore much smaller compared to the previous years. COSY is like a microscope for the compo- nents of a nucleus – the protons and neutrons. Since the particle accelerator went into operation in 1993, its user community has grown significantly. Ap- plications are therefore made for more beam time than Forschungszentrum Jül- ich can actually provide. A Program Advi- sory Committee made up of internation- ally recognized physicists from the USA and Europe decides which applications to accept. Applications are submitted by COSY cooler synchrotron interested scientists from universities abroad and in Germany, as well as by Jül- ich researchers. Ultimately, outstanding ideas are the main factor in deciding who is allowed to perform experiments with COSY. COSY users Year Users 2005 350 2006 380 2007 411 2008 432 2009 452 2010 502 2011 460