64 Forschungszentrum Jülich | Annual Report 2011 Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University set up one of the largest research alliances in Europe in 2007 when they created the Jülich Aachen Research Alliance or JARA for short. Since then, JARA has become a model of cooperation between universi- ties and non-university research institu- tions in Germany. The number of joint appointments of professors (salary grade W) made by RWTH Aachen University and For- schungszentrum Jülich increased from 11 in 2006 to 36in 2011. In 2011, all of the JARA institutes taken together published a total of1,520peer-reviewed publications. The number of joint publications increased from 454 in 2010 to 479in 2011. Dementia, Alzheimer’s, hepatitis and tumours cause changes in the distribution of metal ions and metallic proteins in tissue. Mass spectrometry and imaging techniques can track even the most minute changes in the distribution of metals. Scientists from Jülich and Aachen received funding worth € 900,000 from DFG to further develop the technology and to investigate these diseases in the tissue of patients and in animal models. The im- ages show different metals in the brain of genetically modified mice used as models for neurodegenerative diseases in humans. JARA finances 2011 Budget € 500 million Amount invested € 60 million Money from the Excellence Initiative €12.6 million The cooperation concentrates on the scientific fields in which the two institu- tions already boasted outstanding col- laboration and which were already at an excellent level by international stand- ards. Today, more than 4,000 employ- ees work in the four sections: • JARA-BRAIN (Translational Brain Medicine) • JARA-FIT (Fundamentals of Future Information Technology) • JARA-HPC (High-Performance Computing) • JARA-ENERGY JARA-FIT | The collaborative research centre 917 “Resistively Switching Chalco- genides for Future Electronics – Struc- ture, Kinetics, and Device Scalability – Nanoswitches” was approved on 1 July 2011 by the German Research Founda- tion (DFG). JARA-BRAIN and JARA-HPC | The joint application for “The Human Brain Pro- ject” on simulating the human brain was Selected projects 2011: one of six projects to make it to the EU’s final round as a European FET Flagship. The winners will receive funding of up to €1 billion for a minimum of ten years. JARA-ENERGY | The research group FOR 1779 was set up to investigate the potential for saving energy in air traffic. It is being funded by the DFG. JARA-BRAIN | In cooperation with the University of Pennsylvania School of En- gineering and Applied Science, the first Young Researchers Transatlantic Acade- my (YRTA) took place at the University of Pennsylvania in 2011 on the topic of the brain. YRTA aims to encourage inter- national PhD students to exchange ide- as and information and will continue in 2012. Iron Manganese